In brief: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood effectively over months or years. It is common and often silent until advanced. Diabetes and high blood pressure are leading causes. Simple blood and urine tests detect CKD early when treatment can slow progression.
CKD stages (simplified)
Doctors classify CKD by eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and urine albumin:
- Stage 1–2: Mild reduction; kidneys may still appear normal on tests—monitor risk factors.
- Stage 3: Moderate reduction; complications monitoring begins.
- Stage 4: Severe reduction; prepare for renal replacement therapy if needed.
- Stage 5: Kidney failure; dialysis or transplant considered.
Symptoms (often late)
- Fatigue, poor appetite, nausea
- Swelling in ankles, feet, or face
- Foamy or bloody urine
- More frequent urination at night
- Persistent itching, muscle cramps
- Difficulty concentrating
Do not wait for symptoms—if you have diabetes or hypertension, ask about annual kidney tests.
Key tests
- Serum creatinine + eGFR (blood)—measures filtration
- Urine albumin/creatinine ratio—detects kidney leak
- Blood pressure, blood sugar, lipids
Book tests via your GP or a diagnostic laboratory. See our lab results guide for context.
Protecting your kidneys
- Control blood pressure and blood sugar
- Limit salt; avoid smoking
- Use prescribed medicines—avoid regular high-dose NSAIDs without advice
- Stay hydrated unless fluid-restricted by your doctor
- Treat urinary infections promptly
Questions to ask your doctor
- What is my eGFR and urine albumin result?
- How often should I repeat kidney tests?
- Do any of my medicines need dose adjustment for kidney function?
Frequently asked questions
Can CKD be reversed?
Early damage may stabilise with treatment; advanced CKD is usually not fully reversible but progression can be slowed.
Is kidney disease linked to diabetes?
Yes—diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause. See our type 2 diabetes guide.
When should I see a nephrologist?
Your GP may refer if eGFR is persistently low, urine protein is high, or CKD progresses despite treatment.
Do I need a special diet?
Some patients need protein, potassium, or phosphorus adjustments—follow personalised advice from your care team.
Are kidney tests part of a routine checkup?
Yes—creatinine/eGFR and urine albumin are standard in many adult health packages on Find Medical Offers.
Trusted references
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Educational content from DoctorBookly Editorial. Not personal medical advice. Always consult a licensed clinician for diagnosis, treatment, and emergencies. Call your local emergency number if you think you are having a medical emergency.
